(Confirmed as of June 7, 2026. Subject to change. Check the state boards for each state for updates and confirmation.
See also the Map.
Alabama
https://massagetherapy.az.gov/statutes-and-rules
(13) THERAPEUTIC MASSAGE AND RELATED TOUCH THERAPY MODALITIES. The mobilization of the softtissue which may include skin, fascia, tendons, ligaments, and muscles, for the purpose of establishing and maintaining good physical condition. The term shall include effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, compression, vibration, stretching, heliotherapy, superficial hot and cold applications, topical applications, or other therapy which involves movement either by hand, forearm, elbow, or foot, for the purpose of therapeutic massage. Massage therapy may include the external application and use of herbal or chemical preparations and lubricants such as salts, powders, liquids,nonprescription creams, mechanical devises such as T-bars, thumpers, body support systems, heat lamps, hot and cold packs, salt glow,steam cabinet baths or hydrotherapy. The term includes any massage, movement therapy, massage technology, myotherapy, massotherapy, oriental massage techniques, structural integration, or polarity therapy. The term shall not include laser therapy, microwave, injection therapy, manipulation of the joints, or any diagnosis or treatment of an illness that normally involves the practice of medicine, chiropractic, physical therapy, podiatry, nursing, midwifery, occupational therapy, veterinary, acupuncture, osteopathy, orthopedics, hypnosis, or naturopathics.
“(5) “”practice of massage therapy”” means the provision, for compensation, of a service involving the systematic manipulation and treatment of the soft tissues, including the muscular and connective tissues of the human body, to enhance the functions of those tissues and promote relaxation and well-being; in this paragraph, “”manipulation and treatment””
(A) includes manual techniques applied with the intent to physically affect local soft tissues, such as pressure, friction, stroking, percussion, kneading, vibration, muscular assessment by palpation, range of motion for purposes of demonstrating muscle exertion for muscle flexibility, nonspecific stretching, and application of superficial heat, cold, water, lubricants, or salts;
(B) does not include diagnosis, the prescription of drugs or medicines, the practice of physical therapy, attempts to manipulate any articulation of the body or spine, or mobilization of these articulations by use of a thrusting force”
“5. “”Massage therapy”” means the following that are undertaken to increase wellness, relaxation, stress reduction, pain relief and postural improvement or provide general or specific therapeutic benefits:
(a) The manual application of compression, stretch, vibration or mobilization of the organs and tissues beneath the dermis, including the components of the musculoskeletal system, peripheral vessels of the circulatory system and fascia, when applied primarily to parts of the body other than the hands, feet and head.
(b) The manual application of compression, stretch, vibration or mobilization using the forearms, elbows, knees or feet or handheld mechanical or electrical devices.
(c) Any combination of range of motion, directed, assisted or passive movements of the joints.
(d) Hydrotherapy, including the therapeutic applications of water, heat, cold, wraps, essential oils, skin brushing, salt glows and similar applications of products to the skin.
6. “”Practice of massage therapy”” means the application of massage therapy to any person for a fee or other consideration. Practice of massage therapy does not include the diagnosis of illness or disease, medical procedures, naturopathic manipulative medicine, osteopathic manipulative medicine, chiropractic adjustive procedures, homeopathic neuromuscular integration, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, prescription of medicines or the use of modalities for which a license to practice medicine, chiropractic, nursing, occupational therapy, athletic training, physical therapy, acupuncture or podiatry is required by law.
32-4251. Lawful practice
A. A massage therapist shall refer a person requiring a treatment for a condition outside the scope of practice of a massage therapist to one or more appropriate health care practitioners if the massage therapist has reasonable cause to believe symptoms or conditions are present that require services beyond the scope of practice of massage therapy or if massage therapy is contraindicated.
B. A massage therapist shall adhere to the recognized standards and ethics of the massage therapy profession and as further established by rule.
C. This chapter does not authorize a massage therapist to practice any other profession regulated under this title and does not expand the scope of practice of any health care provider who is not licensed pursuant to this chapter but who is licensed pursuant to this title.
Alaska
https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/5/pub/MAS_Statutes.pdf
5) “practice of massage therapy” means the provision, for compensation, of a service involving the systematic manipulation and treatment of the soft tissues, including the muscular and connective tissues of the human body, to enhance the functions of those tissues and promote relaxation and well-being; in this paragraph, “manipulation and
treatment”
(A) includes manual techniques applied with the intent to physically affect local soft tissues, such as pressure, friction, stroking, percussion, kneading, vibration, muscular assessment by palpation, range of motion for purposes of demonstrating muscle exertion for muscle flexibility, nonspecific stretching, and application of superficial heat, cold, water, lubricants, or salts;
(B) does not include diagnosis, the prescription of drugs or medicines, the practice of physical therapy, attempts to manipulate any articulation of the body or spine, or mobilization of these articulations by use of a thrusting force
Arizona
https://www.azleg.gov/viewdocument/?docName=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azleg.gov%2Fars%2F32%2F04251.htm
“(a) “Massage therapy” means the treatment of soft tissues, which may include skin, fascia, and muscles and their dysfunctions for therapeutic purposes of establishing and maintaining good physical condition, comfort, and relief of pain.
(b) “Massage therapy” is a health care service that includes gliding, kneading, percussion, compression, vibration, friction, nerve strokes, and stretching the tissue.
(c) “Massage therapy” also means to engage in the practice of any of thefollowing procedures:
(1) Massage therapy techniques and procedures either hands-on or with mechanical devices;
(2) Therapeutic application and use of oils, herbal or chemical preparations, lubricants, nonprescription creams, lotions, scrubs, powders, and other spa services;
(3) Therapeutic application of hot or cold packs;
Arkansas
https://healthy.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/Arkansas-Massage-Therapy-Law-2025.pdf
(4)
(A) “Massage therapy” means the treatment of soft tissues, which may include
skin, fascia, and muscles and their dysfunctions for therapeutic purposes of
establishing and maintaining good physical condition, comfort, and relief of pain.
(B) “Massage therapy” is a healthcare service that includes gliding, kneading,
percussion, compression, vibration, friction, nerve strokes, and stretching the
tissue.
(C) “Massage therapy” also means to engage in the practice of any of the
following procedures:
(i) Massage therapy techniques and procedures, either hands-on or with
mechanical devices;
(ii) Therapeutic application and use of oils, herbal or chemical
preparations, lubricants, nonprescription creams, lotions, scrubs, powders,
and other spa services;
(iii) Therapeutic application of hot or cold packs;
(iv) Hydrotherapy techniques;
(v) Heliotherapy, which may include mechanical devices, heat lamps, and
other devices;
(vi) Electrotherapy;
(vii) Any hands-on bodywork techniques and procedures rising to the level
of the techniques and procedures intended to be regulated under this
chapter and not covered under specific licensing laws of other boards; and
(viii) Cupping therapy;
https://healthy.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/Massage_Therapy_Rules.pdf
- “Massage Therapy”:
(a) “Massage therapy” means the treatment of soft tissues, which may include skin,
fascia, and muscles and their dysfunctions for therapeutic purposes of establishing
and maintaining good physical condition, comfort, and relief of pain.
(b) “Massage therapy” is a health care service that includes gliding, kneading,
percussion, compression, vibration, friction, nerve strokes, and stretching the tissue.
(c) “Massage therapy” also means to engage in the practice of any of the following
procedures:
(1) Massage therapy techniques and procedures either hands-on or with
mechanical devices;
(2) Therapeutic application and use of oils, herbal or chemical preparations,
lubricants, nonprescription creams, lotions, scrubs, powders, and other spa
services;
(3) Therapeutic application of hot or cold packs;
(4) Hydrotherapy techniques, which means the use of water in any form for
therapeutic purposes and includes methods of full and partial immersion
baths, whirlpools, sponging, sprays, body shampoos, body scrubs, body
wraps, fomentations, compresses, poultices, packs, masks, steam treatments,
and sauna treatments;
(5) Heliotherapy, which may include mechanical devices, heat lamps, and other
devices with the use of light for therapeutic purposes and may consist of the
Rules for Massage Therapy in Arkansas
9
use of infrared radiation lamps and devices and the various uses of other light
that might be approved by the Department;
(6) Electrotherapy, which means the use of electrical devices for therapeutic
purposes and may consist of the use of mechanical vibrators, electric
stimulation, direct and alternating currents, interferential currents, micro
currents, and Russian stimulation; and,
(7) Any hands-on bodywork techniques and procedures rising to the level of the
techniques and procedures intended to be regulated under the Massage
Therapy Act and not covered under specific licensing laws of other boards.
Colorado
(4) “Massage” or “massage therapy” means a system of structured touch, palpation, or
movement of the soft tissue of another person’s body in order to enhance or restore the general health and well-being of the recipient. The system includes, but is not limited to, techniques such as effleurage, commonly called stroking or gliding; petrissage, commonly called kneading; tapotement or percussion; friction; vibration; compression; passive and active stretching within the normal anatomical range of movement; hydromassage; and thermal massage. The techniques may be applied with or without the aid of lubricants, salt or herbal preparations, water, heat, or a massage device that mimics or enhances the actions possible by human hands.
(5) “Massage therapist” means an individual licensed by this state to engage in the
practice of massage therapy. The terms “masseuse” and “masseur” are synonymous with the term “massage therapist”.
(6) “Person” means a natural person only.
Connecticut
https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_384a.htm#sec_20-206a
(d) “Massage therapy” means the systematic and scientific manipulation and treatment of the soft tissues of the body, by use of pressure, friction, stroking, percussion, kneading, vibration by manual or mechanical means, range of motion and nonspecific stretching. Massage therapy may include the use of oil, ice, hot and cold packs, tub, shower, steam, dry heat, or cabinet baths, for the purpose of, but not limited to, maintaining good health and establishing and maintaining good physical and mental condition. Massage therapy does not encompass (1) diagnosis, the prescribing of drugs or medicines, spinal or other joint manipulations, (2) any service or procedure for which a license to practice medicine, chiropractic, naturopathy, physical therapy, or podiatry is required by law, or (3) Thai yoga practiced by a person who is registered as a yoga teacher with the Yoga Alliance Registry and has completed two hundred hours of training in Thai yoga.
Delaware
https://delcode.delaware.gov/title24/c053/sc01/index.html
(e) “”Massage”” shall have the same meaning as “”massage therapy””, as defined in subsection (d) of this section.
(7) “Practice of massage and bodywork” shall mean a system of structured touch applied to the superficial or deep tissue, muscle, or connective tissue, by applying pressure with manual means. Such application may include, but is not limited to, friction, gliding, rocking, tapping, kneading, or nonspecific stretching, whether or not aided by massage oils or the application of hot and cold treatments. The practice of massage and bodywork is designed to promote general relaxation, enhance circulation, improve joint mobilization and/or relieve stress and muscle tension, and to promote a general sense of Well-being.
Florida
http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0400-0499/0480/0480.html
(12) “Massage therapist” means a person licensed as required by this act, who performs massage therapy, including massage therapy assessment, for compensation.
(13) “Massage therapy” means the manipulation of the soft tissues of the human body with the hand, foot, knee, arm, or elbow, regardless of whether such manipulation is aided by hydrotherapy, including colonic irrigation, or thermal therapy; any electrical or mechanical device; or the application to the human body of a chemical or herbal preparation.
(14) “Massage therapy assessment” means the determination of the course of massage therapy treatment.
(15) “Sexual activity” means any direct or indirect contact by any employee or person, or between any employees or persons, with the intent to abuse, humiliate, harass, degrade, or arouse, or gratify the sexual desire of, any employee or person, or which is likely to cause such abuse, humiliation, harassment, degradation, or arousal, or sexual gratification:
(a) With or without the consent of the employee or person.
(b) With or without verbal or nonverbal communication that the sexual activity is undesired.
(c) With or without the use of any device or object.
(d) With or without the occurrence of penetration, orgasm, or ejaculation.
(e) Including, but not limited to, intentional contact with the genitalia, groin, femoral triangle, anus, buttocks, gluteal cleft, breast or nipples, mouth, or tongue.
(f) Including, but not limited to, the intentional removal of any drape without specific written informed consent of the patient.
Georgia
“(9) “Massage therapy” or “massage” means the application of a system of structured touch, pressure, movement, and holding to the soft tissue of the body in which the primary intent is to enhance or restore health and well-being. Such term includes complementary methods, including without limitation cupping therapy, taping techniques, the external application of water, superficial heat, superficial cold, lubricants, salt scrubs, or other topical preparations and the use of commercially available electromechanical devices which do not require the use of transcutaneous electrodes and which mimic or enhance the actions possible by the hands; the term also includes determining whether massage therapy is appropriate or contraindicated, or whether referral to another health care provider is appropriate. Such term shall not include the use of ultrasound, fluidotherapy, laser, and other methods of deep thermal modalities.
Rule 345-6-.02 Scope of Practice of Massage Therapy Students
https://rules.sos.ga.gov/gac/345-6
(1) A person pursuing a course of study leading to a degree or certificate as a massage therapist in an educational program recognized by the board may engage in the practice, services, or activities of massage or massage therapy when such person is:
(a) Actively enrolled in a massage therapy program or school approved by the Board;
(b) Designated by title indicating student status and shall not represent themselves as a massage therapist or massage practitioner;
(c) Fulfilling uncompensated work experiences required for the attainment of the degree or certificate. For the purpose of this rule “”uncompensated”” means a person in student status may not intentionally or knowingly agree to accept any compensation, directly or indirectly, overtly or covertly, in cash or in kind, in the form of payments, gifts, tips, remuneration, recompense, or rewards to or from any person or entity for services rendered while in student status;
(2) The primary responsibility for the services provided for clients by the designated student rests with the licensed massage therapist supervisor or other authorized instructor.
(3) Documentation of all services for clients and treatment plans must be reviewed and approved by the licensed massage therapist supervisor.
Hawaii
https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol10_Ch0436-0474/HRS0452/HRS_0452-0001.htm
“””Massage””, “”massage therapy””, and “”Hawaiian massage”” commonly known as lomilomi, means any method of treatment of the superficial soft parts of the body, consisting of rubbing, stroking, tapotement, pressing, shaking, or kneading with the hands, feet, elbow, or arms, and whether or not aided by any mechanical or electrical apparatus, appliances, or supplementary aids such as rubbing alcohol, liniments, antiseptics, oils, powder, creams, lotions, ointments, or other similar preparations commonly used in this practice. Any mechanical or electrical apparatus used as described in this chapter shall be approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration.
“”Massage therapist”” means any person who engages in the occupation or practice of massage for compensation.
“”Massage therapist apprentice”” means any person who engages in the occupation or practice of massage under the direct supervision of a sponsoring massage therapist who is employed by or registered with an approved massage establishment.
“”Massage therapist student”” means any person who engages in the study or practice of massage therapy who is under the direct supervision of the teacher in a school setting.
“”Massage therapy establishment”” means premises occupied and used for the purpose of practicing massage therapy or massage therapy training; provided that when any massage therapy establishment is situated in any building used for residential purposes, the massage therapy establishment premises shall be set apart and shall not be used for any other purpose.
“”Principal massage therapist”” means a massage therapist designated by an establishment or an out-call massage service as the person in charge.
Idaho
https://legislature.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/statutesrules/idstat/Title54/T54CH40.pdf
“(7) “”Practice of massage therapy”” means the application of a system of structured touch, pressure, movement and holding of the soft tissues of the human body. The application may include:
(a) Pressure, friction, stroking, rocking, kneading, percussion, or passive or active stretching within the normal anatomical range of movement;
(b) Complementary methods, including the external application of water, heat, cold, lubricants and other topical preparations; or
(c) The use of mechanical devices that mimic or enhance actions that maybe done by the hands.
54-4004. PROHIBITIONS. Massage therapists shall not perform any of the following:
3(1) Diagnosis of injury, illness or disease;
(2) Chiropractic adjustment or skeletal manipulative procedures or anyother procedures as defined in section 54-704, Idaho Code, except as allowed in section 54-4002(7), Idaho Code;
(3) Therapeutic exercise, medical or other therapeutic modalities including, but not limited to, the use of medically classified therapeutic devices, mechanical traction, laser and light therapies, electrical stimulation or application of ultrasound; and
(4) Dispensation of, application of or issuance of prescriptions for pharmaceutical agents.”
Illinois
“””Massage”” or “”massage therapy”” means a system of structured palpation or movement of the soft tissue of the body. The system may include, but is not limited to, techniques such as effleurage or stroking and gliding, petrissage or kneading, tapotement or percussion, friction, vibration, compression, and stretching activities as they pertain to massage therapy. These techniques may be applied by a licensed massage therapist with or without the aid of lubricants, salt or herbal preparations, hydromassage, thermal massage, or a massage device that mimics or enhances the actions possible by human hands. The purpose of the practice of massage, as licensed under this Act, is to enhance the general health and well-being of the mind and body of the recipient. “”Massage”” does not include the diagnosis of a specific pathology. “”Massage”” does not include those acts of physical therapy or therapeutic or corrective measures that are outside the scope of massage therapy practice as defined in this Section.
Indiana
https://iga.in.gov/laws/2022/ic/titles/25/#25-21.8-1
“IC 25-21.8-1-4 “”Massage therapy”” Sec. 4. “”Massage therapy””:
(1) means a health care service involving the external manipulation or pressure of soft tissue for the purposes of enhancing health, providing muscle relaxation, increasing range of motion, reducing stress, relieving pain, or improving circulation of the human body;
(2) includes:
(A) the use of touch, external pressure, friction, stroking, rocking, gliding, vibration, percussion, kneading, movement, positioning, nonspecific stretching, stretching within the normal anatomical range of movement, and holding, with or without the use of massage devices that mimic or enhance manual measures; and
(B) the external application of heat, cold, water, ice, stones, lubricants, abrasives, and topical preparations that are not classified as prescription drugs; and
(3) does not include:
(A) spinal manipulation or grade 5 mobilization referred to in IC 25-10-1-14; and
(B) diagnosis or prescribing drugs for which a license is required.
Iowa
https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/2023/152C.pdf
“3. “Massage therapy” means performance for compensation of massage, myotherapy, massotherapy, bodywork, bodywork therapy, or therapeutic massage including hydrotherapy, superficial hot and cold applications, vibration and topical applications, or other therapy which involves manipulation of the muscle and connective tissue of the body, excluding osseous tissue, to treat the muscle tonus system for the purpose of enhancing health, muscle relaxation, increasing range of motion, reducing stress, relieving pain, or improvingcirculation.
4. “Reflexology” means manipulation of the soft tissues of the human body which isrestricted to the hands, feet, or ears, performed by persons who do not hold themselves outto be massage therapists or to be performing massage therapy
Kentucky
https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=50941
“(7) “”Practice of massage therapy”” means the application, by a massage therapistlicensed by the board, of a system of structured touch, pressure, movement, andholding to the soft tissues of the human body with the intent to enhance or restorethe health and well-being of the client. The practice includes the externalapplication of water, heat, cold, lubricants, salt scrubs, or other topical preparations;use of electromechanical devices that mimic or enhance the actions of the hands;and determination of whether massage therapy is appropriate or contraindicated, orwhether referral to another health care practitioner is appropriate;
309.351 Prohibited acts.
https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=50942
Massage therapists practicing under KRS 309.350 to 309.364 shall not perform any of the following: diagnosis of illness or disease; high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust applied to ajoint; spinal or pelvic adjustment or chiropractic manipulation; application of ultrasound;prescription of medication; or deep physical agent modalities, except hydrotherapymethods and pulsed electromagnetic field therapy or microcurrent devices for which the massage therapist has completed training required by the board.
Louisiana
https://www.labmt.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/lawsfromstatelegis.la_.goveffective8.1.2025.pdf
(17) “Practice of massage therapy” means the manipulation of soft tissue for the purpose of maintaining good health and establishing and maintaining good physical condition. The practice of massage therapy shall include advertising or offering to engage in the practice of massage therapy and holding oneself out or designating oneself to the public as a massage therapist or massage establishment. The practice of massage therapy shall include effleurage (stroking), petrissage (kneading), tapotement (percussion), compression, vibration, friction (active/passive range of motion), stretching activities as they pertain to massage therapy, Shiatsu, acupressure, reflexology, trigger point massage, and Swedish massage either by hand, forearm, elbow, foot, or with mechanical appliances for the purpose of body massage. Massage therapy may include the use of lubricants such as salts, powders, liquids, creams with the exception of prescriptive or medicinal creams, heat lamps, hot and cold stones, whirlpool, hot and cold packs, salt glow, body wraps, steam cabinet baths, and, with appropriate training, the use of nonprescriptive, off-the-shelf commercially available electromechanical devices for which they 3 are trained which mimic or enhance the actions possible by the hands. It shall not include ultrasound, laser therapy, LED therapy, microwave, colonic therapy, injection therapy, manipulation of the joints, the use of electrical muscle stimulation, or transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation except microcurrent. Equivalent terms for massage therapy are massage, therapeutic massage, massage technology, body work, or any derivation of those terms. As used in this Chapter, the terms “therapy” and “therapeutic” shall not include diagnosis, the treatment of illness or disease, or any service or procedure for which a license to practice medicine, chiropractic, physical therapy, or podiatry is required by law.
Maine
http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/32/title32sec14301.html
4. Massage therapy. “Massage therapy” means a scientific or skillful manipulation of soft tissue for therapeutic or remedial purposes, specifically for improving muscle tone and circulation and promoting health and physical well-being. The term includes, but is not limited to, manual and mechanical procedures for the purpose of treating soft tissue only, the use of supplementary aids such as rubbing alcohol, liniments, oils, antiseptics, powders, herbal preparations, creams or lotions, procedures such as oil rubs, salt glows and hot or cold packs or other similar procedures or preparations commonly used in this practice. This term specifically excludes manipulation of the spine or articulations and excludes sexual contact as defined in Title 17‑A, section 251, subsection 1, paragraph D.
Maryland
https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/mgawebsite/Laws/StatuteText?article=gho§ion=6-101&enactments=false
(f) (1) “Practice massage therapy” means the professional use of manual techniques on soft tissues of the human body for compensation including stroking, kneading, tapping, stretching, compression, vibration, and friction, with or without the aid of heat limited to hot packs and heating pads, cold water, or nonlegend topical applications, for the purpose of improving circulation, enhancing muscle relaxation, relieving muscular pain, reducing stress, or promoting health and well–being.
(2) “Practice massage therapy” includes:
(i) Hands–on application, consisting of pressure or movement on an individual, to specifically affect the electromagnetic energy or energetic field of the human body if this practice includes use of the manual techniques set forth in paragraph (1) of this subsection; and
(ii) Subject to additional education and training requirements as determined by the Board in regulations, instrument–assisted soft tissue manipulation techniques that enhance or imitate manual techniques, including:
1. Muscle scraping; and
2. Vibration therapy.
(3) “Practice massage therapy” does not include:
(i) The diagnosis of illness, disease, or injury;
(ii) The adjustment, manipulation, or mobilization of any of the articulations of the osseous structures of the human body or spine; or
(iii) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the laying on of hands, consisting of pressure or movement on an individual who is fully clothed, except for footwear, to specifically affect the electromagnetic energy or energetic field of the human body.
(4) The provisions of paragraph (3) of this subsection do not preclude the application of the modalities described in paragraph (1) of this subsection to an individual who has an injury.
https://regs.maryland.gov/us/md/exec/comar/10.65.01.04
(7) Massage Therapy.
(a) “Massage therapy” means the use of manual techniques on soft tissues of the human body including stroking, kneading, tapping, stretching, compression, vibration, and friction.
(b) “Massage therapy” includes massage, myotherapy, and synonyms or derivatives of these terms, with or without the aid of:
(i) Cold packs;
(ii) Nonlegend topical applications; or
(iii) Heat limited to hot packs and heating pads.
(c) “Massage therapy” does not include the:
(i) Diagnosis of illness, disease, or injury;
(ii) Adjustment, manipulation, or mobilization of any of the articulations of the osseous structures of the body or spine; or
(iii) Laying on of hands, consisting of pressure or movement, with the exception of such techniques described in §B(7)(a) of this regulation on a fully clothed individual to specifically affect the electromagnetic energy or energetic field of the human body.
Massachusetts
https://www.mass.gov/doc/269-cmr-2-definitions/download
Massage. The systematic treatment of the soft tissues of the body by use of pressure, friction, stroking, percussion, kneading, vibration by manual or mechanical means, range of motion for purposes of demonstrating muscle excursion or muscle flexibility and nonspecific stretching. Massage therapy may include the use of oil, ice, hot and cold packs, tub, shower, steam, dry heat or cabinet baths, in which the primary intent is to enhance or restore the health and well-being of the client. Massage therapy shall not include diagnoses of illness or disease, the prescribing of drugs or medicines, high-velocity, low amplitude thrust applied to the joint, electrical stimulation, application of ultrasound, exercise, spinal or other joint manipulations or any services or procedures for which a license to practice medicine, chiropractic, occupational therapy, physical therapy or podiatry is required by law.
Massage Therapy also shall not include the practice of a person who uses touch, words or directed movement to deepen awareness of the patterns of movement in the body, or the affectation of the human energy system or acupoints or Qi meridians of the human body while engaged within the scope of practice of a profession with established standards and ethics, including, but not limited to, the Feldenkrais Method, Reflexology, The Trager Approach, Ayurvedic Therapies, Rolf Structural Integration, Polarity or Polarity Therapy, Polarity Therapy Bodywork, Asian Bodywork Therapy that does not constitute Massage as defined in M.G.L. c. 112, §§ 227 through 235, Acupressure, Jin Shin Do, Qi Gong, Tui Na, Shiatsu, Body-mind Centering and Reiki. For purposes of 269 CMR et seq., the use of the term “Massage” shall also mean the term “Massage therapy”.
Michigan
(d) “Practice of massage therapy” means the application of a system of structured touch, pressure, movement, and holding to the soft tissue of the human body in which the primary intent is to enhance or restore the health and well-being of the client. Practice of massage therapy includes complementary methods, including the external application of water, heat, cold, lubrication, salt scrubs, body wraps, or other topical preparations; and electromechanical devices that mimic or enhance the actions possible by the hands. Practice of massage therapy does not include medical diagnosis; practice of physical therapy; high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust to a joint; electrical stimulation; application of ultrasound; or prescription of medicines.
Mississippi
https://www.msbmt.ms.gov/sites/msbmt/files/MSBMT.Rules_.Clean_.2.27.2026.pdf
O. “Massage” means touch, stroking, kneading, stretching, friction, percussion and vibration, and includes holding, positioning, causing movement of the soft tissues and applying manual touch and pressure to the body (excluding an osseous tissue manipulation or adjustment). “Therapy” means action aimed at achieving or increasing health and wellness. “Massage therapy” means the profession in which the practitioner applies massage techniques with the intent of positively affecting the health and wellbeing of the client, and may adjunctively (i) apply allied modalities, heat, cold, water and topical preparations not classified as prescription drugs, (ii) use hand held tools such as electrical hand massagers used adjunctively to the application of hand massage or devices designed as t-bars or knobbies, and (iii) instruct self-care and stress management. “Manual” means by use of hand or body
Missouri
https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=324.240
“(6) “”Massage therapist””, a health care practitioner who provides or offers to provide massage therapy, as provided in sections 324.240 to 324.275, to any person at no cost or for a fee, monetary or otherwise, implying that the massage therapist is trained, experienced and licensed in massage therapy, and who holds a current, valid license to practice massage therapy;
(7) “”Massage therapy””, a health care profession which involves the treatment of the body’s tonus system through the scientific or skillful touching, rubbing, pressing or other movements of the soft tissues of the body with the hands, forearms, elbows, or feet, or with the aid of mechanical apparatus, for relaxation, therapeutic, remedial or health maintenance purposes to enhance the mental and physical well-being of the client, but does not include the prescription of medication, spinal or joint manipulation, the diagnosis of illness or disease, or any service or procedure for which a license to practice medicine, chiropractic, physical therapy, or podiatry is required by law, or to those occupations defined in chapter 329;
Montana
https://boards.bsd.dli.mt.gov/_docs/mca/2019-MCA-Title-37-Ch-33-LMT—Massage-Therapy.pdf
“(4) (a) (i) “”Massage therapy”” when provided by a massage therapist means the application of a system of structured touch, pressure, positioning, or holding to soft tissues of the body, Swedish massage, effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, percussion, friction, vibration, compression, passive and active stretching or movement within the normal anatomical range of motion, the external application of water, heat, cold, lubricants, salts, skin brushing, or other topical preparations not classified as prescription drugs, providing information for self-care stress management, and the determination of whether massage is contraindicated and whether referral to another health care practitioner is recommended.
(ii) The techniques described in subsection (4)(a)(i) must be applied by the massage therapist through the use of hands, forearms, elbows, knees, or feet or through the use of hand-held tools that mimic or support the action of the hands and are primarily intended to enhance or restore health and well-being by promoting pain relief, stress reduction, and relaxation.
(b) The term does not include providing examinations for the purpose of diagnosis, providing treatments that are outside the scope of massage therapy, attempts to adjust, manipulate, or mobilize any articulations of the body or spine by the use of high-velocity, low-amplitude thrusting force, exercise, exercise instruction or prescription, or the use of tape when applied to restrict joint movement, manual or mechanical traction when applied to the spine or extremities for the purposes of joint mobilization or manipulation, injection therapy, laser therapy, microwave diathermy, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, iontophoresis, or phonophoresis
Nebraska
003. MASSAGE THERAPY. Massage therapy is defined in Neb. Rev. Stat. § 38- 1706 and includes: (A) Remedial therapy, using myofacial release, active or passive stretching, and similar modalities; (B) Relaxation therapy, using Swedish Massage, hot stone, and similar modalities; (C) Holistic therapy, using Ortho-Bionomy®, polarity, shiatsu, reflexology, acupressure, hands-on reiki, and similar modalities; and Effective Date: 06/07/2021 (D) Mechanical or electrical manipulation which includes the use of the following equipment: (i) Electrical stimulation equipment that does not exceed 35 volts output; (ii) Oscillating (vibrating) equipment; and (iii) Hydrotherapy equipment.
.https://dhhs.ne.gov/licensure/Documents/Massage%20Therapy.pdf
38-1706. Massage therapy, defined. Massage therapy means a health care service involving the physical, mechanical, or electrical manipulation of soft tissue for therapeutic purposes or to enhance wellness and may include the use of oil, salt glows, heat lamps, and hydrotherapy. Massage therapy does not include diagnosis or treatment or use of procedures for which a license to practice medicine or surgery, chiropractic, or podiatry is required nor the use of microwave diathermy, shortwave diathermy, ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, electrical stimulation of over thirty-five volts, neurological hyperstimulation, or spinal and joint adjustments. Source:Laws2007,LB463,§613;Laws2024,LB78,§1. Effective Date: July 19, 2024
Nevada
https://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-640C.html
“NRS 640C.060 “Massage therapy” defined.
1. “Massage therapy” means the application of a system of pressure to the muscular structure and soft tissues of the human body for therapeutic purposes, including, without limitation:
(a) Effleurage;
(b) Petrissage;
(c) Tapotement;
(d) Compressions;
(e) Vibration;
(f) Friction; and
(g) Movements applied manually with or without superficial heat, cold, water or lubricants for the purpose of maintaining good health and establishing and maintaining good physical condition.
2. The term does not include:
(a) Diagnosis, adjustment, mobilization or manipulation of any articulations of the body or spine; or
(b) The demonstration of a product on a person that applies a system of pressure to the muscular structure and soft tissues of the human body, provided that the demonstration is not longer than 2 minutes.
New Hampshire
https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXX/328-B/328-B-mrg.htm
“VI. “”Massage”” means the application of a system of structured touch which includes holding, pressure, positioning, or causing movement, by manual means, for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, and restoring the health and well-being of the client. Massage is designed to promote general relaxation, improve movement, relieve somatic and muscular pain or dysfunction, stress and muscle tension, and provide for general health enhancement, personal growth, and the organization, balance, and integration of the body.
VIII. “”Massage therapist”” means a licensed individual who performs massage for compensation. Titles used may include: massage therapist, massage practitioner, bodywork practitioner, bodyworker, muscle therapist, massotherapist, or somatic therapist practitioner. A massage therapist uses visual, kinesthetic, and palpatory skills to assess the body, and may evaluate the client’s condition to the extent of determining whether massage is indicated or contraindicated.
328-B:2-a Scope of Practice. – A massage therapist may do any of the following when performing massage, including, but not limited to:
I. Use of heat and cold, hydrotherapy, heliotherapy, and external application of herbal or topical preparations not classified as prescription drugs.
II. Analysis of posture and movement.
III. Provision of education in self-care and stress management.
IV. Performance of techniques in which the massage therapist had been trained intended to affect the systems of the body.
Source. 1996, 47:5. 2009, 64:3, eff. Aug. 8, 2009.
New Jersey
https://regulations.justia.com/states/new-jersey/title-13/chapter-37a/subchapter-1
Subchapter 1 – PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS Section 13:37A-1.2 – Definitions
“Massage and bodywork therapies” or “massage and bodywork” means systems of activity of structured touch offered or provided to the public that includes holding, applying pressure, positioning, and mobilizing soft tissue of the body by manual technique and use of visual, kinesthetic, auditory, and palpating skills to assess the body for purposes of applying therapeutic massage or bodywork principles. Such application may include the use of therapies such as heliotherapy or hydrotherapy, the use of moist, hot, and cold external applications, explaining and describing myofascial movement, self-care, and stress management as it relates to massage and bodywork therapies. Massage and bodywork therapy practices are designed to affect the soft tissue of the body, including practices of structured touch of the soft tissues that affect energy fields of the body, for the purpose of promoting and maintaining the health and well-being of the client. Massage and bodywork therapies do not include the diagnosis of illness, disease, impairment, or disability.
Section 13:37A-3.1 – Scope of practice
Universal Citation: NJ Admin Code 13:37A-3.1 Current through Register Vol. 57, No. 12, June 16, 2025
(a) A licensee shall practice only those methods of massage and bodywork therapy that:
1. The licensee learned during his or her initial training as outlined in N.J.A.C. 13:37A-2.1 or 2.5;
2. The licensee learned during a course offered by:
i. A provider approved by the NCBTMB, NCCAOM, American Massage Therapy Association (AMTA), Associated Bodywork and Massage Professionals (ABMP), FSMTB, American Nurse Credentialing Center (ANCC), American Organization for Bodywork Therapies of Asia (AOBTA), American Polarity Therapy Association (APTA), American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), American Medical Association (AMA), International Association of Structural Integrators (IASI), Ida P. Rolf Research Foundation, a state board of massage, a state board of massage and bodywork, a state board of physical therapy, or a state board of chiropractic;
ii. A school that is approved by an agency recognized by the United States Department of Education; or
iii. A school that is accredited or approved by the New Jersey Department of Education, the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, the New Jersey Commission on Higher Education, or an agency of another state with requirements substantially similar to the requirements of the New Jersey Department of Education, the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, or the New Jersey Commission on Higher Education; or
3. The licensee developed and which are taught, or have been taught, in a course offered by a provider approved by the NCBTMB, NCCAOM, AMTA, ABMP, FSMTB, ANCC, American Organization for Bodywork Therapies of Asia (AOBTA), American Polarity Therapy Association (APTA), American Physical Therapy Association (APTA), AMA, IASI, Ida P. Rolf Research Foundation, a state board of massage, a state board of massage and bodywork, a state board of physical therapy, or a state board of chiropractic.
(b) Notwithstanding any training received as permitted by (a) above, a licensee shall not perform:
1. Vaginal or penile massages;
2. Animal therapies prohibited by the Veterinary Medical Act, N.J.S.A. 45:16-1 et seq.;
3. Any application of electrical current to the body (Transcutaneous Electronic Nerve Stimulation, TENS, machine). For purposes of this section, a device that uses electrical power to provide percussions or vibrations to the body shall not constitute the application of electrical current to the body; and
4. Diagnosis of illness, disease, impairment, or disability.
New Mexico
“61-12C-2.1. Scope of practice. (Repealed effective July 1, 2028.)
The practice of massage therapy consists of the assessment of the soft tissue structures of the body; the treatment and prevention of physical dysfunction and pain of soft tissue; and joint movement within normal physiologic range of motion to relieve pain or to develop, maintain, rehabilitate or augment physical function
G. “”massage therapy”” means the treatment of soft tissues for therapeutic purposes, primarily comfort and relief of pain; it is a health care service that includes gliding, kneading, percussion, compression, vibration, friction, nerve strokes, stretching the tissue and exercising the range of motion and may include the use of oils, salt glows, hot or cold packs or hydrotherapy. Synonymous terms for massage therapy include massage, therapeutic massage, body massage, myomassage, bodywork, body rub or any derivation of those terms. “”Massage therapy”” does not include the diagnosis or treatment of illness or disease or any service or procedure for which a license to practice medicine, nursing, chiropractic, physical therapy, occupational therapy, acupuncture or podiatry is required by law; and
61-12C-2.1. Scope of practice. (Repealed effective July 1, 2028.)
The practice of massage therapy consists of the assessment of the soft tissue structures of the body; the treatment and prevention of physical dysfunction and pain of soft tissue; and joint movement within normal physiologic range of motion to relieve pain or to develop, maintain, rehabilitate or augment physical function.”
North Carolina
https://www.bmbt.org/downloads/Practice%20Act%20With%20Revisions%207-21.pdf
Massage and bodywork therapy. Systems of activity applied to the soft tissues of the human body for therapeutic, educational, or relaxation purposes. The application may include: a. Pressure, friction, stroking, rocking, kneading, percussion, or passive or active stretching within the normal anatomical range of movement. b. Complementary methods, including the external application of water, heat, cold, lubricants, and other topical preparations. c. The use of mechanical devices that mimic or enhance actions that may possibly be done by the hands
New York
https://www.op.nysed.gov/professions/massage-therapy/laws-rules-regulations/article-155
Ҥ 7801. Definition of practice of massage therapy.
The practice of the profession of massage therapy is defined as engaging in applying a scientific system of activity to the muscular structure of the human body by means of stroking, kneading, tapping and vibrating with the hands or vibrators for the purpose of improving muscle tone and circulation
North Carolina
https://www.bmbt.org/downloads/Practice%20Act%20With%20Revisions%207-21.pdf
“(3) Massage and bodywork therapy. Systems of activity applied to the soft tissues of the human body for therapeutic, educational, or relaxation purposes. The application may include:
a. Pressure, friction, stroking, rocking, kneading, percussion, or passive or active stretching within the normal anatomical range of movement.
b. Complementary methods, including the external application of water, heat, cold, lubricants, and other topical preparations.
c. The use of mechanical devices that mimic or enhance actions that may possibly be done by the hands
North Dakota
https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t43c25.pdf
“a. “”Massage”” means the practice of massage therapy by the manual application of a system of structured touch to the soft tissues of the human body, including:
(1) Assessment, evaluation, or treatment;
(2) Pressure, friction, stroking, rocking, gliding, kneading, percussion, or vibration;
(3) Active or passive stretching of the body within the normal anatomical range of movement;
(4) Use of manual methods or mechanical or electrical devices or tools that mimic or enhance the action of human hands;
(5) Use of topical applications such as lubricants, scrubs, or herbal preparations; and
(6) Use of hot or cold applications.
b. Except as provided in this chapter, “”massage”” does not include diagnosis or other services that require a license to practice medicine or surgery, osteopathic medicine, chiropractic, occupational therapy, physical therapy, or podiatry and does not include service provided by professionals who act under their state-issued professional license, certification, or registration.
3. “”Massage establishment”” means any place of business in which massage is practiced.
4. “”Massage therapist”” means an individual licensed to practice massage
Ohio
https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-4731
(C) “Massage therapy” means the treatment of disorders of the human body by the manipulation of soft tissue through the systematic external application of massage techniques including touch, stroking, friction, vibration, percussion, kneading, stretching, compression, and joint movements within the normal physiologic range of motion; and adjunctive thereto, the external application of water, heat, cold, topical preparations, and mechanical devices.
“(3) “Manual” means the use of the hands, feet or any other part of the body in the performance of massage.
Oklahoma
https://oklahoma.gov/content/dam/ok/en/cosmo/documents/rules-and-regulations/NEWER%202025.rule.book.print.effective.12.1.2025.pdf
“Massage therapy” means the skillful treatment of the soft tissues of the human body. Massage is designed to promote general relaxation, improve movement, relieve somatic and muscular pain or dysfunction, stress and muscle tension, provide for general health enhancement, personal growth, education and the organization, balance and integration of the human body and includes, but is not limited to:
(a). the use of touch, pressure, friction, stroking, gliding, percussion, kneading, movement,
positioning, holding, range of motion and nonspecific stretching within the normal anatomical
range of movement, and vibration by manual or mechanical means with our without the use of massage devices that mimic or enhance manual measures; and
(b). the external application of ice, heat and cold packs for thermal therapy, water, lubricants,
abrasives and external application of herbal or topical preparations not classified as prescription drugs.
“Massage therapy school” means a facility providing instruction in massage therapy.
“Seated massage” means any massage provided to the human body while the massage recipient is seated, including massage and techniques performed on clothed clients.
Oregon
https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors687.html
(3)(a) “Massage,” “massage therapy” or “bodywork” means the use of pressure, friction, stroking, tapping or kneading on the human body, or the use of vibration or stretching on the human body by manual or mechanical means or gymnastics, with or without appliances such as vibrators, infrared heat, sun lamps or external baths, and with or without lubricants such as salts, powders, liquids or creams, for the purpose of, but not limited to, maintaining good health and establishing and maintaining good physical condition.
(b) “Massage,” “massage therapy” and “bodywork” do not include the use of high-velocity, short-amplitude manipulative thrusting procedures to the articulations of the spine or extremities.
https://secure.sos.state.or.us/oard/viewSingleRule.action?ruleVrsnRsn=289778
(5) “Bodywork” means the use on the human body, for the purpose of, but not limited to, maintaining good health and establishing and maintaining good physical condition of:
(a) Pressure, friction, stroking, tapping, kneading, vibration or stretching by manual or mechanical means or gymnastics;
(b) Appliances, tools or devices;
(c) Topical preparations; or
(d) Hot and cold applications.
https://secure.sos.state.or.us/oard/viewSingleRule.action?ruleVrsnRsn=264687
334-010-0025
Practice of Massage
(1) Massage treatment may include, but is not limited to:
(a) Client intake and assessment;
(b) Practice of massage or bodywork;
(c) Post massage assessment and recommendation; and
(d) Documentation.
(2) Massage treatment does not include:
(a) The application of high velocity/low amplitude force further defined as thrust techniques directed toward joint surfaces;
(b) The use of equipment or devices that require a prescription; or
(c) Making a medical diagnosis.
(3) A massage therapist must use safe and functional coverage/draping practices during the practice of massage when the client is disrobed.
(a) Safe and functional coverage/draping means:
(A) LMT explains, maintains and respects coverage/draping boundaries;
(B) Client gives informed consent;
(C) Genitals and gluteal cleft of male and female clients and the breast area of female clients are not exposed; with voluntary and informed consent of the client, the gluteal and breast drapes may be temporarily moved in order to perform therapeutic treatment of the area.
(D) Massage or movement of the body does not expose genitals, gluteal cleft or breast area.
(b) Exceptions to the rule may be made for LMTs who can document training in specific modalities that require variations in coverage/draping.
(4) A Licensed massage therapist must not perform or offer to perform any services for clients other than those connected with giving massage therapy treatments as defined in ORS 687, unless the LMT has additional training and/or licensure.
(5) A person represents themselves as a massage therapist when the person adopts or uses any word(s) that implies a skill or application as defined by statute 687.011.
(6) Any person who holds a license as a massage therapist in this state may use the abbreviation “LMT.” No other person(s) may assume such title or such abbreviation or any other word[s], letters, signs, or figures to indicate that the person using the title is a licensed massage therapist.
(7) All licensed massage therapists must notify the Board office in writing of any change of residence, business, email or mailing address within 30 days of change of address.
(8) Active licensed massage therapists must display their current license in a location clearly visible to their clients.
(9) Active licensed massage therapists are required to include their license number in all advertisements, including but not limited to: written, electronic, televised and audio.
Pennsylvania
https://www.pacodeandbulletin.gov/secure/pacode/data/049/chapter20/049_0020.pdf
Ҥ 20.41. Scope of practice.
(a) Massage therapists apply a system of structured touch, pressure, movement, holding and treatment of the soft tissue manifestations of the human body in which the primary intent is to enhance the health and well-being of the client. Massage therapy includes:
(1) The external application of water, heat, cold, lubricants and other topical preparations.
(2) Lymphatic techniques.
(3) Myofascial release techniques.
(4) The use of electro-mechanical devices which mimic or enhance the action of the massage techniques.
(b) Massage therapy practice does not include:
(1) The diagnosis or treatment of impairment, illness, disease or disability.
(2) Medical procedures.
(3) Chiropractic manipulation—adjustment.
(4) Physical therapy mobilization—manual therapy.
(5) Therapeutic exercise.
(6) Ordering or prescribing drugs or treatments for which a license to practice medicine, osteopathic medicine, nursing, podiatry, optometry, chiropractic, physical therapy, occupational therapy, or other healing art is required.
(7) The application of high velocity/low amplitude force further defined as thrust techniques directed toward joint surfaces.
(8) The use of equipment or devices that require a prescription (for example, ultrasound, diathermy or electrical neuromuscular stimulation).
(c) Licensure under the act may not be construed as requiring new or additional third-party reimbursement or otherwise mandating coverage under 75 Pa.C.S. Chapter 17 (relating to financial responsibility) or the Workers’ Compensation Act (77 P. S. § § 1—1041.4 and 2501—2506).
Oklahoma
“Massage therapy” means the skillful treatment of the soft tissues of the human body. Massage
is designed to promote general relaxation, improve movement, relieve somatic and muscular pain or
dysfunction, stress and muscle tension, provide for general health enhancement, personal growth, education
and the organization, balance and integration of the human body and includes, but is not limited to:
(a). the use of touch, pressure, friction, stroking, gliding, percussion, kneading, movement,
positioning, holding, range of motion and nonspecific stretching within the normal anatomical
range of movement, and vibration by manual or mechanical means with our without the use of
massage devices that mimic or enhance manual measures; and
(b). the external application of ice, heat and cold packs for thermal therapy, water, lubricants,
abrasives and external application of herbal or topical preparations not classified as prescription
drugs.
“Massage therapy school” means a facility providing instruction in massage therapy.
“Seated massage” means any massage provided to the human body while the massage recipient
is seated, including massage and techniques performed on clothed clients.
Rhode Island
https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE5/5-95/5-95-3.htm
(9) “Massage” means the systematic and scientific manipulation of the soft tissues of the body accomplished by the use of digits, hands, forearms, elbows, knees, or feet, hand-held tool, or other external apparatus and may include the use of topical applications. Massage is a service performed by a professional operating within the massage therapists authorized scope of practice, who is licensed, certified, or registered in accordance with the general laws of Rhode Island.
(10) “Massage therapist” means a person engaged in the practice of massage therapy and is licensed in accordance with this chapter.
(11) “Massage therapy” means the use of massage by a massage therapist, licensed under this chapter for therapeutic purposes, including, but not limited to, pain management, stress reduction, promotion of relaxation, and enhancement of general health and well-being. Massage therapy includes, but is not limited to, manipulation of soft tissue and normal anatomical range of movement of the body to develop an appropriate massage therapy session by assessment, evaluation, and/or treatment, and the delivery of self-care and health maintenance information. Massage therapy does not encompass:
(i) Diagnosis;
(ii) The prescribing of drugs or medicines;
(iii) Spinal manipulation; and
(iv) Any service or procedure for which a license or registration is required by law, including, but not limited to, the practice of medicine, chiropractic, naturopathy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, nutrition, psychotherapy, behavioral health services, or podiatry.
(12) “Practice of massage therapy” means the exchange of massage therapy services for currency, goods, or services.
(13) “Topical applications” means, but is not limited to, lubricants, emollients, non-prescription analgesics, and the use of heat and cold.
South Carolina
.https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t40c030.php
(15) “”Massage therapy”” means the application of a system of structured touch to the soft tissues of the human body with the hand, foot, knee, arm, or elbow, whether or not the structured touch is aided by hydrotherapy, thermal therapy, a massage therapy device, or application to the human body of an herbal preparation. Massage therapy includes, but is not limited to, bodywork modalities as approved by the board.
(16) “”Massage therapy establishment”” means an entity with a physical site or premise, licensed as required by this chapter, in which licensed massage therapists are employees or contractors practicing massage therapy on clients
“(2) “”Licensee,”” a person who meets the qualifications for licensure pursuant to this chapter and holds a valid license to practice massage therapy;
South Dakota
https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/36-35-1
(3) “”Massage,”” the systematic mobilization of the soft tissues of the body through the application of hands, feet, or devices for the purposes of therapy, relaxation, or education through means which include:
(a) Pressure, friction, stroking, rocking, kneading, percussion, compression, or stretching;
(b) External application of water, heat, cold, lubricants, or other topical agents; or
(c) The use of devices that mimic or enhance the actions of human hands or feet; and
(4) “”Practice of massage therapy,”” the performance of massage for a fee or other compensation or holding oneself out to the public as performing massage.
Tennessee
3-18-102.(3) or in our Rules it is 0870-01-.01(15)
https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/rules/0870/0870-01.20260125.pdf
The manipulation of the soft tissues of the body with the intention of positively affecting the health and well-being of the client.
Texas
https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/OC/htm/OC.455.htm
“7) “”Massage therapist”” means a person who practices or administers massage therapy or other massage services to a client for compensation. The term includes a licensed massage therapist, therapeutic massage practitioner, massage technician, masseur, masseuse, myotherapist, body massager, body rubber, or any derivation of those titles.
(8) “”Massage therapy”” means the manipulation of soft tissue by hand or through a mechanical or electrical apparatus for the purpose of body massage and includes effleurage (stroking), petrissage (kneading), tapotement (percussion), compression, vibration, friction, nerve strokes, and Swedish gymnastics. The terms “”massage,”” “”therapeutic massage,”” “”massage technology,”” “”myotherapy,”” “”body massage,”” “”body rub,”” or any derivation of those terms are synonyms for “”massage therapy.”” (11) “”Other massage services”” include any services offered or performed for compensation at a massage establishment that involve physical contact with a client, and may include the use of oil, lubricant, salt glow, a heat lamp, a hot and cold pack, or a tub, shower, jacuzzi, sauna, steam, or cabinet Bath.
Utah
https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title58/Chapter47B/58-47b-S102.html?v=C58-47b-S102_2025100120250507
“Bodywork” means:
(a) the systematic manual or mechanical manipulation of the soft tissue of the body;
(b) the use of the hands or a mechanical or electrical apparatus in connection with an activity described in this Subsection (2);
(c) range of motion movements or movements without adjustment or articulation of the spinal column as defined in Section 58-73-102;
(d) the use of oil rubs, heat lamps, salt glows, hot and cold packs, or tub, shower, steam, and cabinet baths;
(e) manual traction and stretching exercise;
(f) activities and modality techniques similar or related to the activities and techniques described in this Subsection (2); or
(g) providing, offering, or advertising a paid service using the term “massage” or a derivative of the word “massage” regardless of whether the service includes physical contact.
(13) “Massage therapy” means:
(a) bodywork that is intended to be billed to an insurance company;
(b) bodywork that is supervised by:
(i) a physical therapist licensed under Chapter 24b, Physical Therapy Practice Act;
(ii) a physician licensed under Chapter 67, Utah Medical Practice Act;
(iii) an occupational therapist licensed under Chapter 42a, Occupational Therapy Practice Act;
(iv) an osteopathic physician licensed under Chapter 68, Utah Osteopathic Medical Practice Act;
(v) an acupuncturist licensed under Chapter 72, Acupuncture Licensing Act; or
(vi) a chiropractic physician licensed under Chapter 73, Chiropractic Physician Practice Act;
(c) the examination, assessment, and evaluation of the soft tissue structures of the body for the purpose of devising a treatment plan to promote homeostasis;
(d) counseling, education, and other advisory services to reduce the incidence and severity of physical disability, movement dysfunction, and pain;
(e) the use of rehabilitative procedures involving the soft tissue of the body;
(f) correction of muscular distortion by treatment of the soft tissues of the body; or
(g) work on an acute or subacute injury.
Vermont
https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/fullchapter/26/105
(4)(A) “Massage” and “Bodywork” mean systems of structured touch that are:
(i)(I) applied to the superficial, soft or deep tissue, muscle, or connective tissue of another person by manual means, including friction, gliding, rocking, tapping, kneading, and nonspecific stretching; or
(II) designed to affect the energy fields of the body for the purpose of promoting and maintaining health and well-being; and
(ii) provided to clients in a manner in which the clients have a reasonable expectation of privacy.
(B) Massage and bodywork may include the use of therapies such as heliotherapy or hydrotherapy; the use of moist, hot, and cold external applications; and the use of oils or other lubricants.
(C) Neither massage nor bodywork include the diagnosis of illness, disease, impairment, or disability.
(5) “Massage therapist, bodyworker, or touch professional” means a person who holds a registration from the Office to practice massage or practice bodywork or both. (Added 2019, No. 178 (Adj. Sess.), § 29, eff. April 1, 2021.)
Virginia
https://www.dhp.virginia.gov/media/dhpweb/docs/nursing/leg/Chapter30Nursing.pdf
“Massage therapy” means the treatment of soft tissues for therapeutic purposes by the application of massage and bodywork techniques based on the manipulation or application of pressure to the muscular structure or soft tissues of the human body. The term “massage therapy” does not include the diagnosis or treatment of illness or disease or any service or procedure for which a license to practice medicine, nursing, midwifery, chiropractic, physical therapy, occupational therapy, acupuncture, athletic training, or podiatry is required by law or any service described in subdivision A 18 of § 54.1-3001.
Washington
https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=18.108.010
Massage and massage therapy mean a health care service involving external manipulation or pressure of soft tissue for therapeutic purposes. Includes tapping, compressions, friction, reflexology, Swedish gymnastics/movements, gliding, kneading, shaking, and fascial/connective tissue stretching, with or without superficial heat, cold, water, lubricants or salts. Does NOT include diagnosis, attempts to adjust/manipulate articulations or the spine by thrusting force, or genital manipulation.
West Virginia
http://www.wvmassage.org/rules.asp?show=state
(6) “Massage” and “massage therapy” mean a health care service involving the external manipulation or pressure of soft tissue for therapeutic purposes. Massage therapy includes techniques such as tapping, compressions, friction, reflexology, Swedish gymnastics or movements, gliding, kneading, shaking, and fascial or connective tissue stretching, with or without the aids of superficial heat, cold, water, lubricants, or salts. Massage therapy does not include diagnosis or attempts to adjust or manipulate any articulations of the body or spine or mobilization of these articulations by the use of a thrusting force, nor does it include genital manipulation. https://app.leg.wa.gov/RCW/default.aspx?cite=18.108.010
“(c) “”Massage therapy”” means a health care service which is a scientific and skillful manipulation of soft tissue for therapeutic or remedial purposes, specifically for improving muscle tone, circulation, promoting health and physical well-being. Massage therapy includes massage, myotherapy, massotherapy, bodywork, bodywork therapy, or therapeutic massage including hydrotherapy, superficial hot and cold applications, vibration and topical applications or other therapies which involve manipulation of the muscle and connective tissue of the body, for the purpose of enhancing health, reducing stress, improving circulation, aiding muscle relaxation, increasing range of motion, or relieving neuro-muscular pain. Massage therapy does not include diagnosis or service which requires a license to practice medicine or surgery, osteopathic medicine, chiropractic, or podiatry, and does not include service performed by nurses, occupational therapists, or physical therapists who act under their own professional license,certificate or registration.
(d) “”Massage establishment”” means a place of business wherein massage therapy is practiced.
Wisconsin
https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/code/admin_code/mtbt/1.pdf
(19) “Massage therapy or bodywork therapy” means the science and healing art that uses manual actions and adjunctive therapies to palpate and manipulate the soft tissue of the human body, in order to improve circulation, reduce tension, relieve soft tissuepain, or increase flexibility. Massage therapy or bodywork therapy includes determining whether manual actions and adjunctive therapies are appropriate. Massage therapy or bodywork therapy does not include making a medical, physical therapy, or chiropractic diagnosis
(4) “Massage therapy” or “bodywork therapy” means the science and healing art that uses manual actions and adjunctive therapies to palpate and manipulate the soft tissue of the human body in order to improve circulation, reduce tension, relieve soft tissue pain, or increase flexibility. “Massage therapy” or “bodywork therapy” includes determining whether manual actions and adjunctive therapies are appropriate or contraindicated, or whether a referral to another health care practitioner is appropriate. “Massage therapy” or “bodywork therapy” does not include making a medical, physical therapy, or chiropractic diagnosis